https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/3403...pzrDyH6xXWg4wzQ

Description of a new species of cynopoeciline killifish (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae), possibly extinct, from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil

Author

Wilson J.E.M. Costa1
1 Laboratory of Systematics and Evolution of Teleost Fishes, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Corresponding author: Wilson J.E.M. Costa (wcosta@acd.ufrj.br)
Academic editor: M.E. Bichuette  |  Received 21 February 2019  |  Accepted 12 July 2019  |  Published 29 July 2019 http://zoobank.org/D786D97E-BA45-4EFC-8F83-22D14904A90A
Citation: Costa WJEM (2019) Description of a new species of cynopoeciline killifsh (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae), possibly extinct, from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil. ZooKeys 867: 73–85. https://doi. org/10.3897/zookeys.867.34034



Abstract

Specimens found between 1985 and 1988 in the Magé River Basin, south-eastern Brazil were misidenti- fed as L. splendens. Te recent rediscovery of other specimens in the Estrela River Basin near the type locality of L. splendens has clarifed the species’ concept, making it possible to recognise the Magé River Basin specimens as a new species. Te new species is herein described as Leptopanchax sanguineus sp. nov. and is distinguished from all other cynopoecilines by a unique colour pattern in males, including red bars with sinuous margins. It was collected in a well-preserved, temporary shallow swampy area within dense moist forest, but since 1990 the species has not been found again. Leptopanchax sanguineus sp. nov. is one of three species of cynopoeciline killifshes living in lowland moist forests of the coastal plains of Rio de Janeiro State, where the greatest diversity of endemic cynopoecilines is concentrated. Each of these species has been recorded a single time in the last 30 years, a surprisingly low record attributable to intense defor- estation during the last several decades resulting in small fragmented lowland moist forests of today. Tis study indicates that seasonal killifshes adapted to uniquely live in this kind of habitat should be regarded with special concern in studies evaluating conservation priorities.



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