Forum für Killifische, Cichliden und Welse - KCW-Forum
»
Verschiedenes
»
Aquaristische Themen
»
Wasserpflanzen
»
Six new Cryptocoryne taxa (Araceae) from Kalimantan, Borneo, WONGSO et al, 2017
Suwidji Wongso1,*, Jan D. Bastmeijer2, Hendra Budianto1, Isa B. Ipor3, Karen Rysbjerg Munk4, Marian Ørgaard4 and Niels Jacobsen4 * e-mail: suwidji@anglerlab.net (author for correspondence). 1 Komunitas Cryptocoryne Indonesia, Raya Sawo Gg. III/33, Surabaya 60218, Indonesia 2 Oude Roswinkelerweg 72, NL-7822 AG Emmen, The Netherlands. 3 Department of Plant Science & Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. 4 Section of Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Five new species and one new variety of Cryptocoryne (Araceae) from the Schwaner mountains (W Kalimantan) and the Müller mountains (W and C Kalimantan) are described. These new taxa makes a very interesting and unique addition to the genus Cryptocoryne. Two of the species have surprisingly low chromosome numbers: C. bastmeijeri with 2n = 14 and C. isae with 2n = 10. A key to the Cryptocoryne taxa of Borneo is provided.
Citation: Wongso S., Bastmeijer J. D., Budianto H., Ipor I. B., Rysbjerg Munk K., Ørgaard M. & Jacobsen N. 2017: Six new Cryptocoryne taxa (Araceae) from Kalimantan, Borneo. — Willdenowia 47: 325339. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47314
Version of record first published online on 23 November 2017 ahead of inclusion in December 2017 issue.
Six new Cryptocoryne taxa (Araceae) from Kalimantan, Borneo Suwidji Wongso1,*, Jan D. Bastmeijer2, Hendra Budianto1, Isa B. Ipor3, Karen Rysbjerg Munk4, Marian Ørgaard4 and Niels Jacobsen4 * e-mail: suwidji@anglerlab.net (author for correspondence). 1 Komunitas Cryptocoryne Indonesia, Raya Sawo Gg. III/33, Surabaya 60218, Indonesia 2 Oude Roswinkelerweg 72, NL-7822 AG Emmen, The Netherlands. 3 Department of Plant Science & Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. 4 Section of Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Willdenowia Vol. 47: , Issue. 3, : Pages. 325-339 (Issue publication date: December 2017) https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47314
Abstract:
Five new species and one new variety of Cryptocoryne (Araceae) from the Schwaner mountains (W Kalimantan) and the Müller mountains (W and C Kalimantan) are described. These new taxa makes a very interesting and unique addition to the genus Cryptocoryne. Two of the species have surprisingly low chromosome numbers: C. bastmeijeri with 2n = 14 and C. isae with 2n = 10. A key to the Cryptocoryne taxa of Borneo is provided.
Citation: Wongso S., Bastmeijer J. D., Budianto H., Ipor I. B., Rysbjerg Munk K., Ørgaard M. & Jacobsen N. 2017: Six new Cryptocoryne taxa (Araceae) from Kalimantan, Borneo. — Willdenowia 47: 325–339. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47314
Version of record first published online on 23 November 2017 ahead of inclusion in December 2017 issue.
The first thorough study of the genus Cryptocoryne Fisch, ex Wydler (Araceae) in Borneo was by the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari in 1865 and 1867, surveying the species of Sarawak. He collected C. ciliata (Roxb.) Schott, C. cordata Griff. (that collection now referred to C. cordata var. grabowskii (Engl.) N. Jacobsen), and eight new species, which were subsequently described by Engler (1879) and elaborated on three years later (Engler 1883) (C. auriculata Engl., C. bullosa Engl., C. ferruginea Engl., C. lingua Engl., C. longicauda Engl., C. pallidinervia Engl., C. spathulata Engl, [now referred to C. lingua] and C. striolata Engl.). Brown (1880) described C. caudata N. E. Br. (now referred to C. longicauda) and Engler (1898) described C. grabowskii Engl, (now referred to C. cordata var. grabowskii), and a total of nine species were recognized in Borneo by the turn of the century. Cryptocoryne grandis Ridl. (now referred to C. cordata var. grabowskii) was described by Ridley (1905).
In 1970 J. Schulze (Schulze 1971) travelled around Sarawak and recollected Beccari's and Engler's nine species at the original localities and added a number of new localities. Starting in the 1970s, the work of H. C. D. de Wit (see, e.g., Wit 1971, 1990), Rataj (1975) and Jacobsen (1985) added another four currently accepted taxa to the Cryptocoryne flora of Borneo: the triploid C. ciliata var. latifolia Rataj (Rataj 1975), C. edithiae De Wit (now referred to C. ×purpurea nothovar. borneoensis N. Jacobsen & al.), C. fusca De Wit and C. keei N. Jacobsen. This increased the number of recognized taxa to 13, whereas another five taxa described by de Wit and Rataj are now considered to be synonyms of taxa already known for Borneo: C. gracilis De Wit (now referred to C. striolata), C. pontederiifolia subsp. sarawacensis Rataj (now referred to C. ferruginea Engl.), C. tortilis De Wit (now referred to C. fusca), C. venemae De Wit (now referred to C. pallidinervia) and C. zonata De Wit (now referred to C. cordata var. grabowskii).
Ipor & al. (2009) further surveyed the Cryptocoryne flora of Sarawak adding about 140 new Cryptocoryne localities to the previously known about 80 (Jacobsen 1985). At the beginning of the new millennium there were further surveys by H. Budianto, T. Idei, H. Kishi, Y. Sasaki, N. Takahashi and S. Wongso in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), resulting in six additional taxa (C. griffithii Schott [a new record for Borneo], C. ideii Budianto, C. noritoi Wongso, C.
×purpurea nothovar. borneoensis N. Jacobsen & al., C. uenoi Y. Sasaki, C. yujii Bastm. and C. zaidiana Ipor & Tawan). During the next ten years another three taxa were added (C. aura Wongso & Ipor, C. ×batangkayanensis Ipor & al. and C. ferruginea var. sekadauensis Bastm. & al.) making a total of 23 recognized taxa on the island.
Recently an intensified investigation of Bornean Cryptocoryne has been undertaken, resulting in the discovery of several new taxa, especially in connection with surveying the Schwaner mountains and the Müller mountains, in which C. aura was described. Another six new taxa are described here (Fig. 1), increasing the total number of currently accepted Cryptocoryne taxa for Borneo to 30, with more than 500 documented records. Material and methods
The present work is the result of a successful cooperation between the authors contributing various specialist inputs, viz. S.W. and I.B.I. with fundamental fieldwork and habitat information, K.R.M. and M.Ø. with cytological work, all authors with morphological and ecological information for taxon characterization, and J.D.B., H.B. and S.W. with cultivation and photographs (far from all contributed pictures are included). S.W., M.Ø. and N.J. initiated writing the main text, after which all authors took part in discussions and writing the manuscript.
The collections were made and herbarium material deposited as stated in the descriptions.
Chromosome numbers were determined at somatic metaphase of root-tips. Preparation of root-tips followed the protocol in Ørgaard & al. (1995), pre-treated in a water-saturated monobromenapthalene solution for four hours, then fixed in Clarke (3 : 1 absolute ethanol : glacial acetic acid) for four hours. The root tips were then washed in 5 °C citrate buffer (0.0021% citric acid and 0.0029% tri-sodium-citrate-dehydrate dissolved in demineralized water, adjusted to pH 4.6) and incubated in 37 °C enzyme solution (citrate buffer added 2% cellulose, Onozuka RS and 10% pectinase, Sigma P-5146) for 12 minutes. Root tips were then washed again in 5°C citrate buffer for 30 minutes, placed individually in a drop of 45 % acetic acid on a microscope slide and squashed. The slides were frozen in liquid nitrogen, the cover-slips were lifted off using a razor blade, and the slides were air-dried. The preparations were stained in DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2 henylindole) solution (1µg µ1-1) for five minutes and mounted in citifluor (Citiflour Ltd.) before examination with a Zeiss Axioskop with appropriate filters for DAPI.
For the chromosome counting, plants were cultivated submerged or halfway emergent in an acid layer of leaflitter soil.
Fig. 1. Distribution map of the six new Cryptocoryne taxa from the Schwaner mountains and Müller mountains. Higher elevations are shown in dotted outlines. — B = C. bastmeijeri; E = C. erwinii; H = C. yujii var. hendrikii; I = C. isae; R = C. regina; S = C. sahalii.
Results and Discussion Habit and ecology
Vegetative propagation by subterranean stolons penetrating and colonizing the soil between the thin tree roots along a river bank or in forest floor pools is a characteristic associated with Cryptocoryne.
The habitats of most of the presently described taxa are small streams or creeks with slowly running water, or water seeping through larger areas of muddy flats in shady forest swamps. Such habitats are limited in number, and inhabited by only a few other plant species adapted to seeping water, muddy soil and low light intensity. In such places one often sees the Cryptocoryne populations as many-leaved rosettes throughout the forest swamps. In this kind of habitat reproduction by seed is important, while propagation by stolons is more limited. This noticeable seed propagation and single plant distribution is known from a few Cryptocoryne species in similar habitats, viz. C. bogneri Rataj (Sri Lanka; Jacobsen 1987a; Kasselmann 2003), C. elliptica Hook. f. (Peninsular Malaysia; Jacobsen 1987b), in some localities with C. striolata (Borneo), and most recently in populations of C. aura from the Schwaner mountains (Wongso & al. 2016).
The habitat types found in the lower foothills of the Schwaner mountains and the Müller mountains at altitudes of 50–200 m are generally different from most other Cryptocoryne habitats in Borneo (Fig. 1), although the widespread C. striolata is often found in the same regions in the Schwaner mountains. Similarly, several new species of Bucephalandra Schott (Araceae) (Wong & Boyce 2014), have been described from these mountains.
Before and after the turn of the millennium, the number of new discoveries of Cryptocoryne in Borneo was low. The considerable size of Borneo taken into consideration, it is possible that the number of Cryptocoryne species might well be far higher, thus being in line with the predictions given for Bucephalandra (Wong & Boyce 2014).
Chromosome numbers
Chromosome numbers have proven to be an important taxonomic character in Cryptocoryne (Jacobsen 1977; Arends & al. 1982; Bastmeijer 2017). They form a dysploid series of reductions in numbers, and several taxa have a polyploid (euploid) series of additions as well (Table 1). The number 2n = 36 is considered as a secondary basic number; reduction by fusions of chromosomes have taken place (dysploid series), a phenomenon also known from, e.g., palms (Dransfield & al. 2008) and grasses (Moore & al. 1995; Devos 2010). Dysploid chromosome series have also been recognized within the Araceae (Petersen 1989; Cusimano & al. 2012). Recently chromosome fusions have also been shown for Typhonium Schott (Araceae), in which new, low chromosome numbers have been reported (Wang & al 2002; Dao & al. 2007; Sousa & al. 2014). Chromosome numbers are shown associated with species groups and geographical distribution (Table 1).
notho2
hat folgende Bilder an diesen Beitrag angehängt
Aufgrund eingeschränkter Benutzerrechte werden nur die Namen und (falls vorhanden) Vorschau-Grafiken der Dateianhänge angezeigt Jetzt anmelden!